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Approach for natural gas to be a primary energy source in China

Weihe HUANG, Jindian CHEN, Chuan FU, Yan HUANG

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 467-476 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0068-6

摘要: This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development. In the long-term adjustment of energy structure, natural gas has gradually become the primary energy source because of five factors: policy, resources, technology, facilities, and market. To expedite the revolution of energy production and consumption, China must urgently expand the use of natural gas toward a more positive role in complementing coal and renewable energy and prioritize its usage in three areas, namely, urban gas, power generation, and industrial fuel. Natural gas is expected to account for approximately 15% of China’s total energy consumption in the future. For natural gas to be the primary energy, the exploitation of gas resources must be expanded, resource access must be improved, a flexible trade system must be set up, infrastructure investment must be increased, and the security system must be enhanced.

关键词: natural gas     energy revolution     primary energy     utilization areas     approaching means    

离岸碳捕集利用与封存技术体系研究

李姜辉,李鹏春,李彦尊,童峰

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第2期   页码 173-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.015

摘要:

离岸碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术是沿海国家或地区通过工程方式为实现CO2减排而发展起来的解决方案与技术体系;相对于陆上CCUS技术,具有潜在封存空间广阔、封存安全等诸多优势。离岸CCUS技术指从沿海大型或近海碳排放源捕集CO2,加压并运输至离岸封存平台后注入海底地质储层中,实现CO2与大气永久隔离或利用其生产价值产品的过程。本文概要回顾了全球及我国离岸CCUS技术的发展需求与产业现状,分析了发展离岸CCUS的技术性和社会性价值;梳理总结了代表性的离岸CCUS技术发展路线及其态势,如CO2工厂捕集、CO2管道运输、CO2海底咸水层封存与驱油利用、CO2化学利用以及其他技术架构。着眼不同技术创新方向面临的共性问题,提出我国离岸CCUS领域未来发展建议:注重陆海统筹战略规划和布局,培养高水平研究团队,加强各发展阶段的基础研究、核心技术研发、成本控制、规模增扩和政策激励等。

关键词: 离岸碳捕集、利用与封存;CO2捕集;CO2运输;CO2封存;CO2利用;沿海地区;近海沉积盆地    

Highlights of special issue on ‘Agriculture in Water-Limited Areas

Pute WU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 123-125 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017147

A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要: Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词: agricultural production efficiency     DEA model     input redundancy     irrigation districts     Northwest Arid Areas in China    

Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

摘要:

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

关键词: 2022 Winter Olympics     PM2.5     Source apportionment    

Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 181-189 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1

摘要: Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw material in chemical production for synthesis of high value-added chemical reagents. In this paper, the significance of purification and reutilization of yellow phosphorous off gas are explored. The principles, processes, and main characteristics of the technologies for purification and reuse of yellow phosphorus off gas (including technical measurements of impurity reduction, relevant engineering cases, and public acceptance of the technologies) are summarized. In view of the existing problems and scientific development requirements, this paper proposes several recommendations for green production based on the concept of recycle economics. We conclude that advanced purification and comprehensive reutilization can be an effective solution for heavy pollution resulting from yellow phosphorous off gassing.

关键词: yellow phosphorous off gas     purification     comprehensive utilization    

南极海洋保护区事务的发展及挑战

付玉

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第6期   页码 9-17 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.002

摘要:

南极海洋保护区事务近 10年来发展较快,是南极海洋治理中备受关注的重点议题。本文介绍了南极海洋保护区的设立进程,探讨了南极海洋保护区事务面临的挑战,提出了中国参与南极海洋治理的建议。南极海洋生物资源养护委员会各成员方在南极海洋保护区法律制度、政治因素、科学基础和管理监测等方面仍存在分歧和矛盾,是南极海洋保护区事务进一步发展的主要挑战。为实施“海洋命运共同体”重要理念,履行南极海洋生物资源养护委员会成员国义务,中国应深度参与南极海洋保护区事务、尽快完善国内海洋保护区法律制度,并大力加强南极海洋生态环境科学研究。

关键词: 南极海洋保护区     南极海洋治理与养护     科学数据    

Assessment of metals in dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 710-718 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0592-2

摘要: Dry-toilet collected matter (DCM) from traditional dry-toilet pits are a potential health and ecological risk in suburban areas. In this study, the characteristics of metals in DCMs from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar were surveyed. The results indicate that DCMs contain a high percentage of organic matter and nutrients, while heavy metals are at low levels, which shows good agricultural potential. The concentration ranges of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 11±5, 46±9, 0.08±0.05, 9±3, 17±9, and 338±86 mg·kg , respectively. The concentration of Cd was below 0.5 mg·kg , and a high positive relation was shown between chromium and nickel concentrations. The heavy metals in DCMs were safe for land application but Zn in DCMs was close to the effects range median (ERM), which is toxic in some cases, such as amphipod bioassays. Because it is mandatory to treat DCMs to reduce pathogens, in the case of heavy metal enrichment and agricultural reuse, composting or pyrolysis are better choices than incineration. Compared with global soil background values, the heavy metals in DCMs showed a low level of ecological risk, but a medium level when compared with Mongolian soil background values. The ecological risk of six heavy metals was in the descending order Hg>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cr and the contribution rate of Hg exceeded 60%.

关键词: heavy metals     suburban areas     dry-toilet     risk assessment    

Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen, China

Lei LIU, Xiaoming MA

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 243-254 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0276-0

摘要: The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development. This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management (IRBM) using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example, which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world. Over the past 20 years, China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of labor-intensive industries, which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge. However, the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development, with only 32.7% of sewage in the district being treated. Currently, every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards, which further aggravated the water shortages of the region. Thus, an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area. The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making, lack of enforcement with redundant plans, weak management capacity, financial inadequacy, and a poor system of stakeholder participation. In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region, corresponding measures are put forward, including an increase of power given to sub-district offices, fewer but more feasible plans, capacity building among stakeholders, a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy, and profound reform in the public participation system. The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.

关键词: integrated river basin management (IRBM) model     Longgang River basin     Shenzhen     decentralization     stakeholder participation    

The Exploration and Practice of the Development of Green Eco-Urban Areas in Guangzhou International Financial

Jia-meng Chen,Peng Liu

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 87-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016003

摘要: Active exploration has been carried out to determine a pattern for developing green eco-urban areas in the Starting Area of Guangzhou International Financial City with an emphasis on the core role of comprehensive green arrangement. By comparing and analyzing existing research, development of green technologies at home and abroad, and indicator systems of green urban areas of similar sizes, the builders developed a green ecological indicator system. They proposed a new concept called “district-level indicator” in order to emphasize the importance of classifying indicators according to different project situations. By verifying the indicators for all land parcels and assessing future costs and efficiency, experience accumulated in this project can be beneficial for future green eco-urban area development projects.

关键词: Guangzhou International Financial City     green eco-urban area     indicator system     case verification    

Methodologies for chemical utilization of CO

Liangnian HE, Ya Du, Chengxia MIAO, Jinquan WANG, Xiaoyong DOU, Ying WU

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 224-228 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0067-y

摘要: The reactions of CO with oxirane to produce cyclic carbonate, and with aziridine to afford oxazolidine have been of interest as a useful method for its fixation by a chemical process. Highly efficient processesemploying recyclable CO -phlilic homogeneous catalyst were devised for environmentally benign synthesis of cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones under supercritical CO without any organic solvent. These processes represent pathways for greener chemical fixations of CO to afford industrial useful materials such as organic carbonates and oxazolidinones with great potential applications.

关键词: carbon dioxide     chemical utilization     molecular catalyst     carbonate     oxazolidinone    

CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431

摘要:

China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.

To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.

Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.

Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).

With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).

We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.

FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2019270

摘要:

Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high (Averticillata and Cpauper) to moderate (AacutivalvisAdecaisneanaAdielsianaAhuegelianaCcristata and Cobesa) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

 

关键词: actinorrhizal trees / agroforestry / climate change / ecosystem restoration    

Recent development of vibration utilization engineering

WEN Bangchun

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0017-2

摘要: The utilization of vibration and wave, which was developed during the latter half of the 20th century, is one of the most valueable technology applications and has been rapidly developing recently . Because the technique is closely associated with industry and agriculture, it can create huge social and economical benefits and provide excellent services for society. Thus, due to its necessity in industry and daily life, extensive research has been devoted to vibration utillization engineering. In this paper, vibration utilization is classified into linear or non-linear vibrations, waves, and electric-magnetic oscillations. Their phenomena, patterns, and applications in nature and society are introduced. Some research results about vibration utilization engineering are described.

关键词: utilization engineering     non-linear     vibration     vibration utillization     utillization engineering    

government investment for air pollution control in city clusters: A case from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei areas

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 612-624 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0269-x

摘要: Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities. In China, the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. The government provides direct financial support and guides the investment direction of social funds to improve air quality. While government investment has led to improvements in air quality across China, concerns remain regarding the efficiency of such large-scale investments. To address this concern, we conducted a study using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist model to assess the efficiency of government investment in improving air quality in China. Our analysis revealed regional disparities and annual dynamic changes. Specifically, we focused on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei areas as a case study, as the investment primarily targeted industrial activities in urban areas with the goal of improving living conditions for urban residents. The results demonstrate significant differences in investment efficiency between regions. Beijing exhibits relatively high investment efficiency, while cities in Hebei Province require improvement. We identified scale inefficiency, which refers to the ratio of air pollutant reduction to financial investment, as the main factor contributing to regional disparities. However, we found that increasing the total investment scale can help mitigate this effect. Furthermore, our study observed positive but fluctuating annual changes in investment efficiency within this city cluster from 2014 to 2018. Investment-combined technical efficiency, which represents the investment strategy, is the main obstacle to improving yearly investment efficiency. Therefore, in addition to promoting investment strategies at the individual city level, it is crucial to enhance coordination and cooperation among cities to improve the investment efficiency of the entire city cluster. Evaluating the efficiency of government investment and understanding its influencing factors can guide future investment measures and directions. This knowledge can also support policymaking for other projects involving substantial investments.

关键词: investment efficiency     government investment     air pollution control     three-stage DEA-Malmquist model    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Approach for natural gas to be a primary energy source in China

Weihe HUANG, Jindian CHEN, Chuan FU, Yan HUANG

期刊论文

离岸碳捕集利用与封存技术体系研究

李姜辉,李鹏春,李彦尊,童峰

期刊论文

Highlights of special issue on ‘Agriculture in Water-Limited Areas

Pute WU

期刊论文

A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

期刊论文

Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during

期刊论文

Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG

期刊论文

南极海洋保护区事务的发展及挑战

付玉

期刊论文

Assessment of metals in dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

期刊论文

Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen, China

Lei LIU, Xiaoming MA

期刊论文

The Exploration and Practice of the Development of Green Eco-Urban Areas in Guangzhou International Financial

Jia-meng Chen,Peng Liu

期刊论文

Methodologies for chemical utilization of CO

Liangnian HE, Ya Du, Chengxia MIAO, Jinquan WANG, Xiaoyong DOU, Ying WU

期刊论文

CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

期刊论文

FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

期刊论文

Recent development of vibration utilization engineering

WEN Bangchun

期刊论文

government investment for air pollution control in city clusters: A case from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei areas

期刊论文